Modular Articulating Cement Spacer

ABSTRACT

The present teachings provide a modular articulating cement spacer mold for forming a temporary implant comprising a mold first portion, a mold second portion, and a ventilation forming surface feature on an interior surface of at least one of the mold first portion or the mold second portion. The first mold portion and the second mold portion have corresponding interior surfaces that form a cavity therebetween.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/390,084 filed Feb. 20, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/955,601 filed on Dec. 13, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,637,729 issued on Dec. 29, 2009. The entire disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a spacer mold, and more particularly, to a modular articulating two-stage cement hip spacer mold.

BACKGROUND

A natural joint may undergo degenerative changes due to a variety of etiologies. When these degenerative changes become so far advanced and irreversible, it may ultimately become necessary to replace the natural joint with a joint prosthesis. However, due to any number of reasons, a small portion of patients that undergo such orthopedic surgical procedures may suffer from infections at the surgical site and generally around the implanted joint prosthesis. In order to cure such an infection in a two-stage re-implantation, the implanted joint prosthesis may be removed, the site is thoroughly debrided and washed, antibiotics are applied to the infected site via a temporary implant until the infection is eliminated, and a new revision type joint prosthesis is then implanted during a subsequent orthopedic surgical procedure.

Accordingly, there is a need for apparatus and methods to facilitate two-stage re-implantation which expedite healing at the site, provide a better fitting implant, reduce the amount of time a patient is bedridden, increase the efficiency of the surgical procedure while reducing the surgical time and cost, eliminate any re-cleaning or re-sterilizing steps, and create a customizable procedure.

SUMMARY

This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.

In various embodiments a modular articulating cement spacer mold for forming a temporary implant is provided. The modular articulating cement spacer mold comprises a first mold, a second mold, and a connecting hinge. In various embodiments, the modular articulating cement spacer mold can include a self-cleaning mechanism, a self-securing device, or a ventilation forming feature.

Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 depicts an exploded view of a head mold component and various connection features according to various embodiments;

FIG. 2A depicts a interior view of a first portion of the head mold component according to various embodiments;

FIG. 2B depicts an exterior view of a first portion of the head mold component according to various embodiments;

FIG. 3A depicts an interior view of a second portion of the head mold component according to various embodiments;

FIG. 3B depicts an exterior view of a second portion of the head mold component according to various embodiments;

FIGS. 4A-4C depict various views of a self-cleaning cap according to various embodiments;

FIGS. 5A-5B depict various views of a head connector portion according to various embodiments;

FIG. 6 depicts an exploded view of a stem mold component and various connection features according to various embodiments;

FIG. 7 depicts an exploded view of a stem mold component according to various embodiments;

FIG. 8 depicts a perspective view of a femoral stem insert according to various embodiment;

FIGS. 9A-9B depict a temporary femoral head implant according to various embodiments;

FIG. 10 depicts a temporary femoral stem implant according to various embodiments;

FIGS. 11A-11B depict a self-separating mechanism according to various embodiments; and

FIGS. 12A-12B depict a self-separating mechanism according to various embodiments.

Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. Although certain examples and surgical methods disclosed herein are in conjunction with a temporary hip implant, it is understood that the molds and surgical methods disclosed herein can be used in any orthopedic revision surgery for any area in the patient.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.

Spatially relative terms, such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 6, the present teachings provide a modular articulating cement spacer mold for forming a temporary implant. The system includes a head component mold 100, as shown in FIG. 1, and a stem component mold 200, as shown in FIG. 6. It is understood that various features from the head component mold 100 and the stem component mold 200 can be interchanged within the scope of the present teachings. The modularity of the present teachings allows the surgeon to create a highly customized implant based on both the head and the stem size needs of the patient. This is beneficial in revision surgery where the condition of either the acetabulum or the femur may differ to the extent that a monolithic temporary implant may not best meet the needs of the patient. The present temporary implants are optimized for strength and reinforce the high stress areas along the neck of the implant. It is understood that the present teachings, while illustrative of a hip implant, can also be used for other orthopedic uses, including, for example, a shoulder or a knee.

The molds 100 and 200 can be formed from any biocompatible material including various polymers. In various embodiments, the polymeric material can be sufficiently rigid to provide structure to the resultant implant components 300 and 400 as shown in FIGS. 9A-10. In various embodiments, the molds 100 and 200 are formed from a plastic, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) including carbon reinforced PEEK. Such materials have a sufficiently high stiffness such that the molds 100 and 200 will not sag or be unintentionally deformed upon handling. It is understood that other materials can also be used to form the molds 100 and 200, including silicone, for example, Dow Q7-4780 or any other 80 durometer silicone or including rubber. It should be noted that the material selected should generally not adversely react with the bone cement and antibiotic selected. In various embodiments, the materials used may be transparent or partially transparent to allow an operator to observe the formation of the temporary implant. The head component mold portions 102 and 104 or the stem component mold portions 202 and 204 can be formed by various conventional molding techniques such as injection molding, compression molding, blow molding, spin casting, etc.

Turning to FIG. 1, the head component mold 100 can be used to form the temporary implant head component 300 as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B. Returning to FIG. 1, the head component mold 100 includes a first head component mold portion 102 and a second component mold portion 104. The first head component mold portion 102 and the second component mold portion 104 each generally forms a portion of a “clamshell” and define cavity portions 106 a and 106 b, respectively, such that upon connecting and closing the portions 102 and 104. The area between the cavity portions 106 a and 106 b accommodates the cement, a head connector 110, and a head connector alignment member 112. It is understood that while the head component mold 100 is depicted as connecting along a sagittal plane and the stem component mold 200 is depicted as connecting along the coronal plane, as shown in FIG. 6, the placements are not limiting and are merely exemplary. Modifications to the planar alignment (i.e.: either sagittal alignment or both coronal alignment, for example) are within the scope of the present teachings. Further, the present disclosure is not limited to embodiments where there are only a first mold portion and a second mold portion. It is understood that any plurality of components can be used to form the mold portion.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2A-2B, the head component first mold portion 102 includes an outer surface 120, an inner surface 122, and connection components 124 a which further defines a series of openings 126 a therein to accommodate a connection component pin 128 (only shown in FIG. 1). It should be noted that the hinge pin 128 can be molded into the openings 126 a. Also, as will be illustrated below, it is understood that the hinge pin 128 can also be formed into separate pieces. Minor modifications of the hinge are within the scope of the present teachings. The perimeter or edge 130 of the head component first mold portion 102 surrounds a raised dome region 132 which extends upwardly from the outer surface 120. The raised region 132 provides the semi-hemispherical shape to the resultant implant as shown in FIG. 9A.

Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2A-2B, on the end of the edge 130 which is opposite to the end having the connection component 124 b, the head component first mold portion 102 defines an opening 134 a to accommodate a screw 136 to secure the head component first mold portion 102 with the head component second mold portion 104. As best shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the opening 134 a includes a ledge 135 which is deformable and can be bent over a region of the screw 136 to form a fold-over region 137 (FIGS. 11A and 11B) to rotatably capture the screw 136 and provide a self-securing device or a dual securing and separating mechanism to combine the first mold portion 102 and second mold portion 104 or to separate them. In various embodiments, the fold over region 137 may be a separately molded piece that is secured to the opening 134 a. For example, the fold over region 137 may be sonically welded to the opening 134 a.

In an exemplary use, advancing the screw 136 into the opening 134 a and securing with the threads 134 b secures the first mold portion 102 and second mold portion 104 together. This securement can be further supported by forming a fold-over region 137 over a portion of the screw 136. By fixing the ledge 135 over the screw 136 to form a fold-over region 137, the operator is provided a bearing surface against which the screw 136 cannot advance. When the operator rotates the screw 136 as to back it out from the threaded opening 134 b, the ledge 135 and fold-over region 137 trap the screw 136, prevent the backward rotation of the screw 136 from removing the screw 136, and instead help pry apart the first mold portion 102 and second mold portion 104.

With reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the head component second mold portion 104 includes an inner surface 150, an outer surface 152, and a connection component 124 b defining hook-shaped passages 126 b therein. The perimeter of the head component second mold portion 104 forms an edge 154 which surrounds a recessed region 156 which extends downwardly from the outer surface 152 and forms the cavity portion 106 b. The outer surface 152 is flat relative to the raised region 132 of the first portion 102 as shown in FIG. 1 to provide the appropriate shape for the lower region of the femoral head 300 as depicted in FIG. 9B. Returning to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the recessed region 156 includes a cylindrical interior raised ring or lip 158 in which the head connector 110 cylindrical region 119 may be retained by an o-ring (not shown) and further secured by the abutment member 117 as best shown in FIG. 1.

Returning to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the outer surface 152 of the head component second mold portion 104 further includes a threaded opening 160 or filling port which functions in multiple capacities as will be detailed later herein. The head component second mold portion defines an internally threaded opening 134 b.

The head component second mold portion 104 and the recessed portion 156 provide surface features 162 which, upon filling the head component mold 100, provide depressions 302 in the articulating head 300 of the final implant, as shown in FIG. 9B, which are the negative impression of the surface features 162. While surface features which form positive impressions can be used on the implant, those forming negative impressions facilitate easy removal of the temporary implant by preventing a potentially positive impression from becoming lodged into a tissue. The resultant depressions 302 increase the surface area of the resultant articulating head 300. Suitable depressions 302 include, but are not limited to grooves, dimples, hemispheres, cones, stars, ridges, notches, and the like. The depressions 302 can also include individual letters or combinations of letters and designs, such as a logo or part number.

It is understood that in such embodiments, the surface features 162 can be included on either of the head component first mold portion 102 or the head component second mold portion 104. The surface area of the temporary implant 300 can be increased by from about 1% up to 50% or more depending on the combination of surface area increasing features 162 employed in the mold 100. An exemplary, but non-limiting, benefit of the increased surface area is the increased amount of antibiotic or other therapeutic material (i.e.: drugs, vitamins, etc.) from the surface of the temporary implant to the defect site. The increased delivery of the antibiotic or other therapeutic material expedites healing and minimizes the recovery time of the patient.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5A-5B, the head connector 110 can define a hollow chamber (shown in phantom) formed by a metal insert contained within the head component mold 100. The head connector 110 exterior surface defines flats 111 to assist in the fit of the head connector 110. In addition, the flats 111 prevent the rotation of the head connector 110 in the cement. The head connector interior surface defines a shoulder 113 which mimics the outer contour of the head connector. The shoulder 113 sits atop the head connector alignment member 112 as will be detailed later herein. Exemplary metals for the head connector 110 include stainless steel, titanium, cobalt, and the like and various alloys thereof. The head connector 110 can mate with the femoral stem component using a taper fit, such as a Morse taper, as a non-limiting example. The head connector 110 can optionally include surface roughening features or a surface texture to facilitate placement and fit with the stem implant 400.

In various embodiments, the head connector 110 is a female connector and is contained within the head component mold 100 such that upon filling the head component mold 100 with a material, such as a bone cement, a void volume will be defined in the articulating head portion of the temporary implant having a volume that is roughly equivalent to the void volume defined by the head connector 110. In still other embodiments, the head connector 110 can be a male connector and is contained at a region of the head component mold 100 and does not define a hollow region within the head component mold 100 upon filling the head mold with the material.

In either embodiment, the head connector 110 is fixed in the head component mold 100 so that it is not inadvertently displaced. The fixation of the head connector 110 is facilitated by the head connector alignment member 112. Further the head connector alignment member 112 can be made of a material which facilitates easy removal of the head connector alignment member 112 from the head connector 110. In various embodiments, the head connector alignment member 112 can be formed of a polymer material, such as polyethylene or PEEK. The head connector alignment member 112 can be formed of the same material as the head component mold 100 or it can be made of a different material.

The head connector alignment member 112 includes a tapered region 115, an abutment member 117, and a cylindrical region 119. As depicted, the head connector alignment member 112 can be hollow. The tapered region 115 mates with the interior region 166 of the head connector 110. The abutment member 117 is sized to extend beyond the perimeter of the opening 158 to prevent the tapered region 115 from passing therethrough. The head connector alignment member 112 is retained in the head component second mold portion 104 by a lip 158 or ring about the interior region 156 of the head component second mold portion 104. The lip 158 and the head connector alignment member 112 can be maintained in contact using friction between the materials. Any other suitable retention technique can also be employed in accords with the present teachings.

Inclusion of the head connector alignment member 112 in the head component mold 100 helps maintain a material-tight integrity of the head component mold 100 and prevents leakage of a filling material therefrom. Further, in various embodiments, the hollow alignment member 112 facilitates access to the head connector 110 and allows a user to press against the head connector 110 to free the implant from the mold 104. In various embodiments, the head component mold 100 and the head connector alignment member 112 can be provided as a single unit. The head connector alignment member 112 is used for temporary securing purposes only and is not included in the final articulating head implant 300.

To connect the head component mold first portion 102 with the head component second mold portion 104, the offset connection components 124 a and 124 b are interlaced to form a piano hinge which is connected over the pin or rod 128. The pin 128 is placed through the openings 126 a formed in the connection component 124 a of the head component mold first portion 102. This can be achieved by providing a pin 128 which has previously been insert molded into the openings 124 a. Next, the pin 128 is hooked underneath the hook shaped passages 126 b to removably connect the head component mold first portion 102 with the head component second mold portion 104. In addition, the removal of the pin 128 allows head 300 to be removed from portion 104.

Further, with reference to FIG. 1, the head component mold first portion 102 and second portion 104 can be secured together by disposing a screw 136 through the openings 134 a and 134 b, which are concentric and align when the head component mold first portion 102 and head component mold second portion 104 are interlaced at the connection components 124 a and 124 b. It is understood that although a single pair of openings 134 a and 134 b are provided, the head component mold 100 could include multiple pairs of matching openings placed around the perimeter 130 and perimeter 154 of the head component mold 100. As detailed later herein, the opening 134 a is manipulated to provide a mechanical advantage to separate the implant from the head component mold first portion 102 and head component mold second portion 104.

The threaded opening 160 in the head component second mold portion 104 provides an access through which to deliver a material to fill the head component mold 12. It is understood that the threaded opening 160 can be defined at any region of the head component mold 100 and is not limited to placement on the second mold portion 104. The threaded opening 160 can be sized to accommodate a nozzle of a delivery device or a syringe through which a material is delivered to the head component mold 100.

Turning to FIGS. 4A-4C, a self-cleaning cap 168 is provided. The self-cleaning cap 168 helps to provide a flush region on the implant 300 or 400 by removing, blocking, or segregating excess material to escape from the respective mold 100 or 200. Further, the self-cleaning cap can relieve the excess material or cement which may be delivered using high pressure delivery devices. The self-cleaning cap 168 includes a head 170 which defines a containment region 172. The self-cleaning cap 168 further defines a threaded region 176 which defines fluted or interrupted hollow regions 174 and terminates in a closed bottom 180. The threaded region 176 can mate with the threaded opening 160 defined by the head component mold second portion 104, as shown in FIG. 1. As the self-cleaning cap 168 is advanced through the threaded opening 160, any excess material contained in the head component mold 100 passes around the closed bottom 180, up through the interrupted hollow regions 174, and into the recessed containment region 172. Accordingly, the excess material can be easily separated from the final implant and prevents the excess material from becoming an unwanted plug or anchor to undesirably secure the temporary implant to the mold. The self-cleaning cap 168 helps to prevent over-filling the mold 100 and allows the operator to remove any excess material. The self-cleaning cap 168 provides a flush implant and cleans the threaded opening 160. As shown in FIG. 9B, the closed bottom 180 of the self-cleaning cap 168 can leave an impression 304 in the implant.

Turning to FIG. 6, the stem component mold 200 includes a stem component first portion 202 and a stem component second portion 204. Similar to the head component 100 as detailed above, each portion 202 and 204 generally forms a portion of a “clamshell” and define cavity portions 206 a and 206 b, respectively, such that upon connecting and closing the components of the stem component mold 200, the area between the cavity portions 206 a and 206 b accommodate the cement, a stem insert 210, and a stem component alignment screw 212.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the stem component mold first portion 202 includes an outer surface 220, an inner surface 222, and a connection component 224 a which further defines a series of hooks 226 a to accommodate connection component pins 228. As stated above, the connection component pins 228 can be molded into the connection component 224 a. It is further understood that a single connection component pin can also be used. The stem component mold first portion 202 also includes a perimeter or edge 230. The proximal end of the stem component mold first portion 202 defines a fixation screw 212 receiving region portion 238 a. The perimeter 230 defines a plurality of screw receiving openings 234 a dispersed therein.

As shown in FIG. 7, the inner surface 222 includes a plurality of surface features 262 a, 262 b, and 262 c which upon filling the stem component mold 200, provide depressions 402 a, 402 b, and 402 c in the femoral stem 400 of the final implant as shown in FIG. 10, which are the negative impression of the surface area increasing features 262 a, 262 b, and 262 c. It is understood that the location of the surface features 262 a, 262 b, and 262 c are not limited to being only on the stem component mold first portion 202.

As illustrated, the surface features 262 a are raised protrusions which will form dimples 402 a in the femoral stem 400 at a proximal region 410 of the femoral stem implant 400, as shown in FIG. 10. The surface features 262 b shown in FIG. 6 are linear raised dashes which will provide depressions 402 b on the distal region 412 of the femoral stem implant 400 as shown in FIG. 10. The difference between the surface features 262 a and 262 b provides a dual grip to allow a tighter hold at the proximal region 410 of the femoral stem 400 where the surface features 262 a are smaller and more densely placed and a looser hold at the distal region 412 where the surface features 262 b are elongated or larger and provided in a lesser density. The longitudinal surface features 262 b are disposed such that they align with the axis of the femoral stem to facilitate easy removal of the temporary implant 400. The surface feature 262 c is a linear raised ridge or ledge that forms a venting area 402 c which extends the length of the mold portions 202 and 204 to provide ventilation in the femoral stem 400 to allow trapped air to escape past the femoral implant 400 upon insertion into a patient and prevent a vacuum upon explanting of the implant. It is understood that although the raised ridge or ledge surface feature 262 c is depicted as a continuous ridge or ledge, the ventilation feature can also be provided if the surface feature 262 c was provided in several segments which extend longitudinally along the mold portions 202 and 204.

The surface features 262 a, 262 b, and 262 c detailed here are merely exemplary, and it is understood that any combination of surface features or single-type of surface features can be used within the scope of the present teachings, including the types of surface features detailed with respect to the head component mold 100. Further, similar to the surface features used with the head component mold 100, the various surface features 262 a, 262 b, and 262 c of the stem component mold 200 provide an increase in the surface area of the femoral implant 400 which includes the exemplary, but non-limiting, benefit of the increased amount of antibiotic or other therapeutic material (i.e.: drugs, vitamins, etc.) from the surface of the temporary implant 400 to the patient to thereby expedite healing and minimize the recovery time of the patient.

The stem component mold second portion 204 is generally a mirror image of the stem component mold first portion 202 with a few additions. The stem component mold second portion 204 includes an inner surface 254, an outer surface 256, and a connection component 224 b which further defines a series of hooks 226 b to accommodate the connection component pin 228. The perimeter of the stem component mold second portion 204 forms an edge 231. A threaded opening 260 is provided on the outer surface 256 which functions in multiple capacities as will be detailed later herein. The proximal end of the stem component mold second portion 204 defines a fixation screw 212 receiving region portion 238 b. The stem component mold second portion 204 perimeter 231 defines a plurality of screw receiving threaded openings 234 b dispersed therein. In various embodiments, the openings 234 b include a sonically inserted metal nut (not shown) to receive the screw 212. Similar to the head component 100, the screw receiving openings 234 a define ledges 235 which can be manipulated to provide a fold-over 237 (FIGS. 12A and 12B) to rotatably trap the screws 236, and the openings 234 a align with threaded openings 234 b.

Turning to FIG. 8, the stem insert 210 provides a reinforcing element for the stem implant 400 as shown in FIG. 10. Returning to FIGS. 6 and 8, the stem insert 210 includes a proximal end 280, a distal end 282, at least one distal end spacer 283, and a ledge or flange 285. The stem insert 210 is shaped to follow the general contour of the stem component cement mold 200 as shown in FIG. 6 and can generally extend the length of the stem component cement mold 200. The distal end spacers 283 set off the stem insert 210 from the sides or walls of the cavity and maintain proper alignment thereof.

Returning to FIG. 8, at a mid-region of the stem insert 210 there is a dispersion region 292 which is a hollow region or void of the stem insert 210. The dispersion region 292 provides a passage for the material to flow around the stem insert 210 to completely fill the cavity up to the flange 285 defined by the stem insert 210. The stem insert 210 can be made of any suitable material including polymers and metal. In embodiments where the stem insert 210 is made from a metal, such as titanium, the stem insert 10 connection region 210 can be mated with the head connector 110 which is disposed within the head component 300. In various embodiments, the connection region 210 may be mated to the head connector 110 via a taper adapter (not shown). The taper adapter may come in various lengths in order to allow for the correct head height adjustment in order to ensure the implant fits the patient's anatomy.

The stem insert 210 includes a stem neck portion 284 and a stem connector 286. The stem neck portion 284 is designed to fit between the opening formed when the curved recessed regions 290 a and 290 b of the stem mold first component 202 and stem mold second component 204 are joined. The stem connector 286 can be in the form of a Morse taper through which to connect to the head connector portion 110 of FIG. 9B. Returning to FIGS. 6 and 8, in various embodiments, the stem connector portion 284 can also include surface roughening features or a surface texture to facilitate placement and fit of the stem connector portion 284 with the head connector portion 110 of FIG. 9B. It is understood that the stem insert 210 can be made in differing lengths and widths to provide further customization of the temporary implant depending on the patient's needs.

With further reference to FIGS. 6 and 8, the stem insert 210 further defines a securing screw 212 receiving opening 288. When the stem insert 210 is disposed with in the assembled mold portions 202 and 204, the securing screw 212 can be advanced through the opening formed between elements 238 a and 238 b and down into the opening 288. The securing screw 212 fixes and holds the stem insert 210 in a stationary position within the cavity. In addition, the securing screw 212 also prevents the threads of the inserter/extractor from flowing cement.

To connect the stem component mold 200 together, the rod 228 is passed through the alternating hook shaped openings 224 a and 224 b of the opposing stem component mold portions 202 and 204, respectively, as shown in FIG. 6. As explained above, the rod 228 may be insert molded into the mold portions 202. Similar to the description above, the arrangement provides a piano hinge for the stem mold component 200 by which to open or close the stem component mold 200.

The present teachings further provide methods of providing and using the modular cement mold. Although the methods are disclosed as used with certain embodiments of the present teachings, it is understood that the methods disclosed can be used with any of the mold embodiments detailed above herein.

First, a surgeon or assistant will mix the appropriate antibiotic loaded cement or add an antibiotic to the particular cement. It is understood that the preparation of the cement is performed according to the label instructions of the particular cement. For example, about two grams of antibiotic are mixed with each 40 gram packet of bone cement powder which is then mixed with a corresponding number of 20 milliliter ampoules of a liquid monomer. The bone cement can be a poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) cement such as those produced under the trade names Generation 4™, CMW1, CMW2, CMW3, Zimmer Dough Type, or Zimmer LVC, or a MMA-styrene copolymer cement such as that produced under the trade names Howmedica, Simplex P, or Zimmer Osteobond, or an MMA-methyl acrylate copolymer such as that produced under trade names Cobalt™ G-HV or Cobalt™ HV sold by Biomet. Once the appropriate antibiotic loaded bone cement is mixed, the bone cement is put within a delivery device, such as a cement gun. It is understood that an adaptor may be employed to accommodate different types of delivery devices or cement guns.

The appropriately sized mold portions 102 and 104 and mold portions 202 and 204 along with the related appropriately sized components, such as the head connector 110 or stem insert 210 are selected to form a customized fit for both the articulating head 300 and femoral component 400. It is understood that the head component 300 and the stem component 400 can be varied in size to provide further customization of the temporary implant depending on the patient's needs. The modular systems of the present teachings can be provided as a plurality of differently sized head components 100, stem molds 200, and related subcomponents. Once the appropriately sized components are selected, a surgeon will generally grasp the head component mold 100 and threadedly engage the nozzle of the delivery device into the access port 160. With the nozzle substantially sealing the access port 160, the surgeon will engage the delivery device to dispense out the bone cement within the inner cavity 106 a and 106 b formed within the head component mold 100. After removing the cement delivery device, the surgeon then secures the self-cleaning cap 168 into the opening 160. Any excess cement will extrude out of the self-cleaning cap 168 and facilitate providing a flush implant.

The assembled mold 200 is connected as follows. It is understood that in various embodiments, the mold 200 can be provided pre-assembled or partially pre-assembled where some components must be connected by the user prior to use. In the assembled device, the stem component mold first portion 202 and stem component mold second portion 204 are connected using the connector 228 which is interlaced between the series of offset hooks 226 a and 226 b. The stem insert 210 is then aligned in the cavity formed from elements 206 a and 206 b and secured via fixation member 212. The recess or dispersion region 292 of the stem insert 210 is arranged to be aligned with the opening 260 defined in the stem component mold second portion 204 to provide proper flow of the material around the stem insert 210. The stem insert 210 is then fixed into the mold portions 202 and 204 using the screw 212. The stem component mold first portion 202 and second portion 204 are then secured with the screws 236 in each respective pair of bores 234 a and 234 b. As mentioned above, and as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the ledges 235 can be heated or otherwise manipulated to provide the fold over region 237 by which to rotatably trap the screw 236 therein. The fold over region 237 can also be provided as pre-folded over the screw 236 and alleviate the need for manipulation of the fold over region 237. The user then delivers the bone cement within the inner cavity 206 a and 206 b to the through opening 260. The self-cleaning cap 168 is then fixed within the opening 260, and the excess bone cement will extrude through the openings 174 defined in the self-cleaning cap 168.

Once the head component mold 100 and stem component mold 200 are filled, the assemblies can be placed on a nearby surface, such as a surgical table, to allow the cement to cure and cool while the surgeon moves on to another task, thereby substantially increasing the efficiency and reducing the time for the surgical procedure. Once the bone cement has sufficiently cured, the surgeon can grasp the head mold component 100 and remove the screw 136 disposed in the opening formed by elements 134 a and 134 b. The user attempts to back the screw 136 out of the threaded opening 134 b and towards the ledge 135. The screw 136 then engages the ledge 135 and fold-over region 137 and is prevented from passing beyond the fold-over region 137 and back through the opening 134 a. The retention force of the ledge 135 and fold-over region 137 against the rotating screw 136 pries the two mold component portions 102 and 104 apart to free the implant. Similarly, the surgeon removes any other screws 236 from the openings formed by the pairs of bores 234 a and 234 b using leverage from the ledges 235 and fold-over regions 237.

The stem component 400 of the temporary hip implant can then be simply engaged in the intramedullary canal of the host femur. The air vent 402 c formed in the stem component 400 facilitates the passage of air from within the host femur to be expelled upon insertion of the stem component 400.

The head component 300 is then disposed over the stem connector 286 via the head connector 110, and the temporary implant is assembled. This implanted head component 300 and stem component 400 allow the distended joint to be subsequently re-engaged with the temporary implant to enable limited non-load bearing movement by the patient. The temporary implant allows the patient to generally sit up or be transported out of a hospital during the temporary recovery stage prior to having a revision type prosthesis subsequently implanted. During this time the antibiotic in the bone cement leaches out to the infected area and soft-tissue tension is maintained.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the invention, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. 

1. A modular articulating cement spacer mold for forming a temporary implant comprising: a mold first portion; a mold second portion; and a ventilation forming surface feature on an interior surface of at least one of the mold first portion or the mold second portion.
 2. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, wherein the ventilation forming surface feature extends from a distal end of the interior surface to a proximal end of the interior surface.
 3. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, wherein the interior surface of at least one of the mold first portion or the mold second component further comprises at least one other surface feature.
 4. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 3, wherein the at least one other surface feature decreases in density from a proximal end of the interior surface to a distal end of the interior surface.
 5. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, wherein the mold is shaped as a femoral stem.
 6. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 5, wherein the ventilation forming surface feature comprises a raised longitudinal ledge to form a longitudinal depression in a femoral stem formed by the femoral stem mold.
 7. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 3, wherein the interior surface of at least one of the mold first portion or the mold second portion further comprises a plurality of surface features that include raised dimples and raised linear dashes.
 8. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 7, wherein the raised dimples are located towards the proximal end of the mold and the raised linear dashes are located towards the distal end of the mold.
 9. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 7, wherein the raised linear dashes are disposed along the axis of removal of the temporary implant.
 10. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, wherein the mold first portion includes a first plurality of hooks coupled to a second plurality of hooks of the mold second portion with one or more connection pins.
 11. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 10, wherein the one or more connection pins can be molded to one of the mold first and second portions.
 12. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, wherein the mold first portion defines a perimeter with a plurality of screw receiving openings.
 13. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 12, wherein the mold second portion defines a perimeter with a plurality of screw receiving threaded openings.
 14. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, wherein the mold first portion and the mold second portion define an inner cavity.
 15. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, in combination with a reinforcing insert for the temporary implant.
 16. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 1, wherein the ventilation forming surface feature is formed on an interior surface of each of the mold first portion and the mold second portion.
 17. A modular articulating cement spacer mold for forming a temporary implant comprising: a mold first portion having a first interior surface and a mold second portion having a second interior surface, the first and second interior surfaces defining a cavity therebetween, and the mold first portion and the mold second portion forming a femoral stem mold; a connection region connecting the mold first portion and mold second portion; and a ventilation forming surface feature on the first interior surface of at of the mold first portion and on the second interior surface of the mold second portion, the ventilation feature comprising first and second longitudinal ledges to form first and second longitudinal depressions in a femoral stem formed by the femoral stem mold for ventilation.
 18. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 17, wherein the first and second longitudinal ledges extend inferiorly to superiorly along the femoral stem mold and wherein the first longitudinal ledge is formed on an anterior surface of the femoral stem mold and the second longitudinal edge is formed on posterior surface of the femoral stem mold.
 19. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 17, wherein the connection region includes a first plurality of hooks of the mold first portion coupled to a second plurality of hooks of the mold second portion with one or more connection pins.
 20. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 17, wherein the interior surface of at least one of the mold first portion or the mold second portion further comprises a plurality of surface features that include raised dimples and raised linear dashes.
 21. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 20, wherein the raised dimples are formed on a superior portion and the raised linear dashes are formed on an inferior portion of the femoral stem mold.
 22. The modular articulating cement spacer mold of claim 17, in combination with a reinforcing insert for the temporary implant.
 23. A modular articulating cement spacer mold for forming a temporary implant comprising: a mold first portion and a mold second portion having corresponding interior surfaces defining a cavity therebetween and forming a femoral stem mold; a first plurality of hooks formed on the mold first portion; a second plurality of hooks formed on the mold second portion; a plurality of connection pins coupling the first plurality of hooks to the second plurality of hooks; and a ventilation forming surface feature on the interior surface of at least one of the mold first portion or the mold second portion, the ventilation feature comprising a longitudinal ledge to form a longitudinal depression in a femoral stem formed by the femoral stem mold for ventilation. 